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UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM CALENDAR 2003-2004
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Aerospace Courses

AER 070 AER 320 AER 403 AER 420 AER 423 AER 504 AER 506 AER 520 AER 614 AER 620 AER 621 AER 622 AER 710 AER 713 AER 714 AER 721 AER 722 AER 723 AER 806 AER 813 AER 814
AER 815

AER 070 Aerospace: Thesis Lab: 3 hrs.

An engineering thesis, equivalent in depth and value to two minor courses. A list of possible thesis topics is posted, however students may approach faculty members with topic suggestions. The nature of this thesis can be very wide ranging, from applied research and development through design, to testing and evaluation of a system, process or equipment. This thesis will be carried out under the supervision of a faculty advisor who will be responsible for advisement of engineering content. The student will submit a formal technical report and oral presentation.

Prerequisite: Completion of first and second year and no more than two outstanding credits in third year technical courses.

AER 320 Aerospace: Statics & Intro to Strength of Materials Lect: 4 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.

The statics will cover rigid body equilibrium. Two and three-force members. Trusses, frames and machines. Method of joints, section, members. Dry friction. The introduction to strength of materials will cover stress and strain, Hooke’s Law. Axial loading and statically indeterminate problems. Flexural analysis of beams: shear and moment diagrams, introduction to bending stresses, singularity functions.

Prerequisites: PCS 211, MTH 240.

AER 403 Aerospace: Mechanisms and Vibrations Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.

Displacement, velocity, and acceleration analysis of simple link and rotating systems using vector polygons and complex-polar numbers. Inertia forces and moments acting on simple link systems. Single and multi-degree of freedom systems, continuous systems. Forced and free excitation with system damping. Vibration absorbers and static and dynamic balancing of rotating shafts.

Prerequisites: MEC 311, MTH 309.

AER 420 Aerospace: Stress Analysis I Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.

Torsional and flexural shear flow in members having thin-walled sections; open, closed and single/multi-celled configurations are considered. Continuous beams and beams subjected to asymmetric loading are analyzed. Experimental stress analysis using strain gauges and photoelastic methods are discussed and applied to practical structural loading problems in the laboratory.

Prerequisite: AER 320 or MEC 323.

AER 423 Aerospace: Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer Lect: 4 hrs. Lab: 1 hr.

The Clausius inequality. Entropy change. Isentropic processes. Entropy balance for closed and open systems. Processes and cycles depicted on temperature, entropy and enthalpy axes, isentropic efficiencies. Combustion. Gast turbines; nozzles, engine intakes, compressors, combustion chambers, extended surface (fins and pins). Two-dimensional conduction; transient conduction, forced convection and heat exchangers.

Prerequisite: MEC 309.

AER 504 Aerospace: Aerodynamics Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.

Finite wings and effects of wing geometry, viscosity and compressibility. Aerodynamic forces on wings and bodies. Lift, drag and moment coefficients. Scalar and vector fields, stream function and velocity potential. Rotation; vorticity; circulation and lift. Sources, sinks, vortices. Fluid dynamics; substantive derivative, Euler and Bernoulli equations. Flow about a body, superposition of flows, doublets. Kutta-Jukowski theorem and Kutta condition. Thin airfoil theory, symmetrical and cambered air-foils. Introduction to computational fluid dynamics. Panel methods.

Prerequisite: MEC 516.

AER 506 Aerospace: Component Design and Material Selection Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 2 hrs.

The course will address the component design process, starting with conceptualization and progressing through design optimization, material selection, prototyping and finally presentation. Emphasis will be placed on the selection of the appropriate aerospace material for the application and the development of an understanding of structure-property-service materials. This would include polymers, ceramics and composites. Computer-Aided design (CATIA) will be used as a design tool.

Prerequisites: AER 420, MEC 222, MTL 300.

AER 520 Aerospace: Stress Analysis II Lect: 4 hrs.

Analysis of deflection and bending moment in statically indeterminate members and stability of structural components are the major topics in this advanced course in stress analysis. Included, are moment-area method for beam deflection, strain energy and Castigliano’s theorem for beam and frame deflections. Method of elastic centre for determining bending moment distribution in frames and ring structures. Buckling of columns, thin plates and stiffened panels under a variety of loading conditions are examined.

Prerequisite: AER 420.

AER 614 Aerospace: Aircraft Stability and Control Lect: 3 hrs.

The fundamentals of stick-fixed and stick-free static stability are considered. Manoeuvre margins and corresponding required control column forces are assessed. The dynamic stability of a given aircraft is evaluated through consideration of the equations of motion, and approximation methods presented for the longitudinal and lateral modes of transient motion. Longitudinal and lateral-directional response to control applications are also considered.

Prerequisite: AER 504, AER 620.

AER 620 Aerospace: Flight Mechanics Lect: 4 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.

Airplane evolution. Aircraft and spacecraft anatomy. Atmospheric properties. Basic Aerodynamics, source of aerodynamic forces, and aerodynamic shapes. Lift, drag and moment characteristics of aircraft. Mach number effects on lift and drag. Piston, turboprop and turbofan engine performance characteristics. Intro-duction to steady level flight, climb, descent and turn. Introduction to helicopter flight mechanics. Introduction to orbital flight.

Prerequisite: MEC 516.

AER 621 Aerospace: Aerospace Structural Design Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.

Aircraft structural integrity concepts and stress analysis methods. Fail-safe vs. safe-life design. Component life estimation. Load spectra, damage tolerance. Aerodynamic manoeuvre, gust, pressurization and landing loads. V-n diagrams. Wing design: torque box, spar, rib, and bulkhead stress analysis. Strength vs. stiffness design. Aeroelasticity: torsional and bending divergence. Introduction to control reversal and flutter. Fuselage construction: bending, shear and torsion stress analysis. Effect of cutouts. Lab work will entail the design of aircraft primary structure.

Prerequisite: AER 520.

AER 622 Aerospace: Gas Dynamics Lect: 3 hrs.

Review of basic equations. Wave propagation in compressible media. Isentropic flow of a perfect gas. Normal shock waves. Unsteady flow. Oblique shock waves. Prandtl-Meyer flow. Subsonic, transonic and supersonic flow over wings and bodies. Flow measurement. Computational fluid dynamics applications; supersonic flow over a cone, flow in a supersonic nozzle, shock waves on re-entry type bodies.

Prerequisites: MEC 516, MEC 309.

AER 710 Aerospace: Propulsion Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.

Introduction to aerospace propulsion. Review of gas dynamics and thermodynamics. Propellers, theory and design. Internal combustion engines: spark-ignition, compression-ignition, rotary. Turbosupercharging. Gas turbine engines. Cycle analysis of turbojets. Design considerations for intake, compressor, combustor, turbine, afterburner, and exhaust nozzle. Cycle analysis of turbofans. Cycle analysis of turboprop engines. Rocket propulsion introduction. Solid rocket motors. Liquid-propellant rocket engines. Hybrid rocket engines. Air-breathing rocket engines. Advanced propulsion techniques for space applications.

Prerequisites: AER 423, AER 622.

AER 713 Aerospace: Aircraft Performance Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.

Takeoff and landing performance, including calculations for balanced field length with critical engine inoperative. Range-payload characteristics, block properties, aircraft utilization and capacity. Determination of costs and minimum-cost cruise. Elements of route analysis and flight fuel prediction. Elements of aircraft control and navigation using various sensors. Automatic flight control systems with autopilot, autothrottle, and stability augmentation control loops. Instrument landing systems.

Prerequisite: AER 620.

AER 714 Aerospace: Design Project Lect: 2 hrs./Lab: 2 hrs.

This course brings together the knowledge gained in many previous courses and requires the student to work as part of a small team. The requirement is to complete the design of a special purpose airplane, complete with interim design reviews, final reports and presentations.

Prerequisites: Completion of first and second year and no more than two outstanding credits in third year technical courses.

AER 721 Aerospace: Spacecraft Dynamics and Control Lect: 3 hrs.

Orbital dynamics in three-dimensions, orbital elements and determination. Types of orbits, earth orbit perturbations. Basic mission analysis, manoeuvring and fuel consumption, orbit lifetime and maintenance. Restricted three-body problem and interplanetary transfer. Introduction to space vehicle dynamics, rigid-body attitude motion, spinning and non-spinning configurations. Sensors, actuators and application of classical control methods to rigid vehicles. Multi-stage launch vehicles and ascent to orbit.

Prerequisite: MEC 709.

AER 722 Aerospace: Aeroelasticity Lect: 3 hrs.

Wing divergence. Control surface effectiveness. Flexibility effects on aircraft stability and control. Quasi-Steady and unsteady aerodynamics. Flutter analysis of two-dimensional wings with discussion of three-dimensional effects. Introduction of other aeroelastic phenomena such as vortex shedding, buffeting and stall flutter. Flight testing.

Prerequisite: AER 621.

AER 723 Aerospace: Introduction to Space Systems Design Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.

Overview of structures unique to space systems, from lightweight deployables to large manipulators. Structural analysis using finite element models. Unrestrained structures, modal coordinate systems, modal analysis and frequency response concepts. Robot kinematics, coordinate transformations, differential relationships between joint and Cartesian motion. Lagrangian rigid-robot equations of motion and robot flexibility. Robot control: actuators and drive-train dynamics, trajectory interpolation and tracking. Feedforward and feedback control strategies.

Prerequisites: MTH 510, MEC 709.

AER 806 Aerospace: Viscous Flow Lect: 3 hrs.

Diffusion of momentum as a source of viscosity. The Prandtl boundary layer concept. Boundary layer equations. Integral equations and approximate solutions. Exact numerical solutions for incompressible and compressible flow. Effects of pressure gradient (separation, Kutta condition) and heat transfer. Transition to turbulent flow. Drag prediction and skin friction reduction. Computational fluid dynamics; discretization; finite difference solution of boundary layer equations. Internal flow; jets.

Prerequisite: AER 622.

AER 813 Aerospace: Space Systems Design Project Lect: 2 hrs./Lab: 2 hrs.

This course brings together the knowledge gained in many previous courses and requires that the student work as part of a small team. The requirement is to complete the design of a special purpose spacecraft or a major space system, complete with interim design reviews, final reports and presentations.

Prerequisites: Completion of first and second year and no more than two outstanding credits in third year technical courses, AER 721, AER 723.

AER 814 Aerospace: Aircraft Design Project Lect: 2 hrs./Lab: 2 hrs.

This course brings together the knowledge gained in many previous courses and requires that the student work as part of a small team. The requirement is to complete the design of a special purpose airplane, complete with interim design reviews, final reports and presentations. (formerly AER 714).

Prerequisites: Completion of first and second year and no more than two outstanding credits in third year technical courses, AER 722, AER 614.

AER 815 Aerospace: Avionics and Systems Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.

Air data and air data systems. Navigation systems. Displays and man-machine interaction. Inertial sensors and systems. Fuel, hydraulic, electrical and engine control systems. Environmental and flight control systems. Fly-by-wire flight control.

Prerequisite: EES 512.

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AER 070	Aerospace: Thesis	Lab: 3 hrs.
An engineering thesis, equivalent in depth and value to two minor courses. A list of possible thesis topics is posted, however students may approach faculty members with topic suggestions. The nature of this thesis can be very wide ranging, from applied research and development through design, to testing and evaluation of a system, process or equipment. This thesis will be carried out under the supervision of a faculty advisor who will be responsible for advisement of engineering content. The student will submit a formal technical report and oral presentation.
Prerequisite: Completion of first and second year and no more than two outstanding credits in third year technical courses.

AER 320	Aerospace: Statics & Intro to Strength of Materials	Lect: 4 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.
The statics will cover rigid body equilibrium. Two and three-force members. Trusses, frames and machines. Method of joints, section, members. Dry friction. The introduction to strength of materials will cover stress and strain, Hooke’s Law. Axial loading and statically indeterminate problems. Flexural analysis of beams: shear and moment diagrams, introduction to bending stresses, singularity functions.
Prerequisites: PCS 211, MTH 240.

AER 403	Aerospace: Mechanisms and Vibrations	Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.
Displacement, velocity, and acceleration analysis of simple link and rotating systems using vector polygons and complex-polar numbers. Inertia forces and moments acting on simple link systems. Single and multi-degree of freedom systems, continuous systems. Forced and free excitation with system damping. Vibration absorbers and static and dynamic balancing of rotating shafts.
Prerequisites: MEC 311, MTH 309.

AER 420	Aerospace: Stress Analysis I	Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.
Torsional and flexural shear flow in members having thin-walled sections; open, closed and single/multi-celled configurations are considered. Continuous beams and beams subjected to asymmetric loading are analyzed. Experimental stress analysis using strain gauges and photoelastic methods are discussed and applied to practical structural loading problems in the laboratory.
Prerequisite: AER 320 or MEC 323.

AER 423	Aerospace: Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer	Lect: 4 hrs. Lab: 1 hr.
The Clausius inequality. Entropy change. Isentropic processes. Entropy balance for closed and open systems. Processes and cycles depicted on temperature, entropy and enthalpy axes, isentropic efficiencies. Combustion. Gast turbines; nozzles, engine intakes, compressors, combustion chambers, extended surface (fins and pins). Two-dimensional conduction; transient conduction, forced convection and heat exchangers.
Prerequisite: MEC 309.

AER 504	Aerospace: Aerodynamics	Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.
Finite wings and effects of wing geometry, viscosity and compressibility. Aerodynamic forces on wings and bodies. Lift, drag and moment coefficients. Scalar and vector fields, stream function and velocity potential. Rotation; vorticity; circulation and lift. Sources, sinks, vortices. Fluid dynamics; substantive derivative, Euler and Bernoulli equations. Flow about a body, superposition of flows, doublets. Kutta-Jukowski theorem and Kutta condition. Thin airfoil theory, symmetrical and cambered air-foils. Introduction to computational fluid dynamics. Panel methods.
Prerequisite: MEC 516.

AER 506	Aerospace: Component Design and Material Selection	Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 2 hrs.
The course will address the component design process, starting with conceptualization and progressing through design optimization, material selection, prototyping and finally presentation. Emphasis will be placed on the selection of the appropriate aerospace material for the application and the development of an understanding of structure-property-service materials. This would include polymers, ceramics and composites. Computer-Aided design (CATIA) will be used as a design tool.
Prerequisites: AER 420, MEC 222, MTL 300.

AER 520	Aerospace: Stress Analysis II	Lect: 4 hrs.
Analysis of deflection and bending moment in statically indeterminate members and stability of structural components are the major topics in this advanced course in stress analysis. Included, are moment-area method for beam deflection, strain energy and Castigliano’s theorem for beam and frame deflections. Method of elastic centre for determining bending moment distribution in frames and ring structures. Buckling of columns, thin plates and stiffened panels under a variety of loading conditions are examined.
Prerequisite: AER 420.

AER 614	Aerospace: Aircraft Stability and Control	Lect: 3 hrs.
The fundamentals of stick-fixed and stick-free static stability are considered. Manoeuvre margins and corresponding required control column forces are assessed. The dynamic stability of a given aircraft is evaluated through consideration of the equations of motion, and approximation methods presented for the longitudinal and lateral modes of transient motion. Longitudinal and lateral-directional response to control applications are also considered.
Prerequisite: AER 504, AER 620.

AER 620	Aerospace: Flight Mechanics	Lect: 4 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.
Airplane evolution. Aircraft and spacecraft anatomy. Atmospheric properties. Basic Aerodynamics, source of aerodynamic forces, and aerodynamic shapes. Lift, drag and moment characteristics of aircraft. Mach number effects on lift and drag. Piston, turboprop and turbofan engine performance characteristics. Intro-duction to steady level flight, climb, descent and turn. Introduction to helicopter flight mechanics. Introduction to orbital flight.
Prerequisite: MEC 516.

AER 621	Aerospace: Aerospace Structural Design	Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.
Aircraft structural integrity concepts and stress analysis methods. Fail-safe vs. safe-life design. Component life estimation. Load spectra, damage tolerance. Aerodynamic manoeuvre, gust, pressurization and landing loads. V-n diagrams. Wing design: torque box, spar, rib, and bulkhead stress analysis. Strength vs. stiffness design. Aeroelasticity: torsional and bending divergence. Introduction to control reversal and flutter. Fuselage construction: bending, shear and torsion stress analysis. Effect of cutouts. Lab work will entail the design of aircraft primary structure.
Prerequisite: AER 520.

AER 622	Aerospace: Gas Dynamics	Lect: 3 hrs.
Review of basic equations. Wave propagation in compressible media. Isentropic flow of a perfect gas. Normal shock waves. Unsteady flow. Oblique shock waves. Prandtl-Meyer flow. Subsonic, transonic and supersonic flow over wings and bodies. Flow measurement. Computational fluid dynamics applications; supersonic flow over a cone, flow in a supersonic nozzle, shock waves on re-entry type bodies.
Prerequisites: MEC 516, MEC 309.

AER 710	Aerospace: Propulsion	Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.
Introduction to aerospace propulsion. Review of gas dynamics and thermodynamics. Propellers, theory and design. Internal combustion engines: spark-ignition, compression-ignition, rotary. Turbosupercharging. Gas turbine engines. Cycle analysis of turbojets. Design considerations for intake, compressor, combustor, turbine, afterburner, and exhaust nozzle. Cycle analysis of turbofans. Cycle analysis of turboprop engines. Rocket propulsion introduction. Solid rocket motors. Liquid-propellant rocket engines. Hybrid rocket engines. Air-breathing rocket engines. Advanced propulsion techniques for space applications.
Prerequisites: AER 423, AER 622.

AER 713	Aerospace: Aircraft Performance	Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.
Takeoff and landing performance, including calculations for balanced field length with critical engine inoperative. Range-payload characteristics, block properties, aircraft utilization and capacity. Determination of costs and minimum-cost cruise. Elements of route analysis and flight fuel prediction. Elements of aircraft control and navigation using various sensors. Automatic flight control systems with autopilot, autothrottle, and stability augmentation control loops. Instrument landing systems.
Prerequisite: AER 620.

AER 714	Aerospace: Design Project	Lect: 2 hrs./Lab: 2 hrs.
This course brings together the knowledge gained in many previous courses and requires the student to work as part of a small team. The requirement is to complete the design of a special purpose airplane, complete with interim design reviews, final reports and presentations.
Prerequisites: Completion of first and second year and no more than two outstanding credits in third year technical courses.

AER 721	Aerospace: Spacecraft Dynamics and Control	Lect: 3 hrs.
Orbital dynamics in three-dimensions, orbital elements and determination. Types of orbits, earth orbit perturbations. Basic mission analysis, manoeuvring and fuel consumption, orbit lifetime and maintenance. Restricted three-body problem and interplanetary transfer. Introduction to space vehicle dynamics, rigid-body attitude motion, spinning and non-spinning configurations. Sensors, actuators and application of classical control methods to rigid vehicles. Multi-stage launch vehicles and ascent to orbit.
Prerequisite: MEC 709.

AER 722	Aerospace: Aeroelasticity	Lect: 3 hrs.
Wing divergence. Control surface effectiveness. Flexibility effects on aircraft stability and control. Quasi-Steady and unsteady aerodynamics. Flutter analysis of two-dimensional wings with discussion of three-dimensional effects. Introduction of other aeroelastic phenomena such as vortex shedding, buffeting and stall flutter. Flight testing.
Prerequisite: AER 621.

AER 723	Aerospace: Introduction to Space Systems Design	Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.
Overview of structures unique to space systems, from lightweight deployables to large manipulators. Structural analysis using finite element models. Unrestrained structures, modal coordinate systems, modal analysis and frequency response concepts. Robot kinematics, coordinate transformations, differential relationships between joint and Cartesian motion. Lagrangian rigid-robot equations of motion and robot flexibility. Robot control: actuators and drive-train dynamics, trajectory interpolation and tracking. Feedforward and feedback control strategies.
Prerequisites: MTH 510, MEC 709.

AER 806	Aerospace: Viscous Flow	Lect: 3 hrs.
Diffusion of momentum as a source of viscosity. The Prandtl boundary layer concept. Boundary layer equations. Integral equations and approximate solutions. Exact numerical solutions for incompressible and compressible flow. Effects of pressure gradient (separation, Kutta condition) and heat transfer. Transition to turbulent flow. Drag prediction and skin friction reduction. Computational fluid dynamics; discretization; finite difference solution of boundary layer equations. Internal flow; jets.
Prerequisite: AER 622.

AER 813	Aerospace: Space Systems Design Project	Lect: 2 hrs./Lab: 2 hrs.
This course brings together the knowledge gained in many previous courses and requires that the student work as part of a small team. The requirement is to complete the design of a special purpose spacecraft or a major space system, complete with interim design reviews, final reports and presentations.
Prerequisites: Completion of first and second year and no more than two outstanding credits in third year technical courses, AER 721, AER 723.

AER 814	Aerospace: Aircraft Design Project	Lect: 2 hrs./Lab: 2 hrs.
This course brings together the knowledge gained in many previous courses and requires that the student work as part of a small team. The requirement is to complete the design of a special purpose airplane, complete with interim design reviews, final reports and presentations. (formerly AER 714).
Prerequisites: Completion of first and second year and no more than two outstanding credits in third year technical courses, AER 722, AER 614.

AER 815	Aerospace: Avionics and Systems	Lect: 3 hrs./Lab: 1 hr.
Air data and air data systems. Navigation systems. Displays and man-machine interaction. Inertial sensors and systems. Fuel, hydraulic, electrical and engine control systems. Environmental and flight control systems. Fly-by-wire flight control.
Prerequisite: EES 512.