FULL-TIME UNDERGRADUATE CALENDAR 2005-2006

Geography

GEO 102 GEO 106 GEO 108 GEO 110 GEO 131 GEO 141 GEO 151 GEO 161 GEO 206 GEO 208 GEO 210 GEO 221 GEO 231 GEO 241 GEO 27A/B GEO 301 GEO 302 GEO 30A/B GEO 312 GEO 313 GEO 351 GEO 361 GEO 372 GEO 411 GEO 419 GEO 421 GEO 431 GEO 441 GEO 505 GEO 507 GEO 509 GEO 513 GEO 514 GEO 520 GEO 521 GEO 541 GEO 542 GEO 551 GEO 553 GEO 561 GEO 605 GEO 607 GEO 609 GEO 612 GEO 620 GEO 621 GEO 631 GEO 641 GEO 642 GEO 652 GEO 671 GEO 702 GEO 703 GEO 705 GEO 714 GEO 716 GEO 719 GEO 720 GEO 721 GEO 724 GEO 771 GEO 772 GEO 773 GEO 793 GEO 802 GEO 803 GEO 811 GEO 820 GEO 871 GEO 873 GEO 910 GEO 102 Economic Geography This course examines how a geographic perspective may be used to analyze business location problems. Emphasis is placed on an examination of the locational trends, site selection procedures and market area delimitation of activities in the retail/commercial and tourism sectors of the economy. (PR) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 106 Geographies of Everyday Life This course examines environmental and spatial aspects of human life, primarily at the scale of the individual, the neighbourhood and the community. Specific topics to be considered include sense of place, mental maps, territoriality, community dynamics, and human impacts on the landscape. (LL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 108 Geography of the Global Village This one semester course explores the ecological and demographic basis of globalization. Starting from a discussion of the impacts of the industrial revolution on current global socio-economic and environmental issues, this course examines population dynamics and quality of life indicators, the world food system and environmental deterioration. (LL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 110 The Physical Environment In this course, the physical environment is investigated from the perspective of appreciating the natural limits that earth systems impose. Themes in climatology, hydrology and geomorphology are examined in order to develop an understanding of how natural balances originate, and afford opportunities and constraints for a modern lifestyle. Specific topics include weather systems, water budgets, erosion by streams and waves, and the enhancement of stability in natural systems. (LL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 131 Environmental Analysis This is an introduction to the broad range of environmental issues confronting Canadian society. The course provides a forum for students to identify and critically evaluate the major resource and environmental problems and to assess political, management and personal responses. A component of the course involves field studies. (formerly GEO 303) (PR) Antirequisite: GEO 303. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 141 Geography and GIS This course introduces the student to the fundamentals of Geography and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The value of the geographical perspective in addressing numerous societal problems is explored. GIS is introduced to the student with hands-on applications in a variety of areas, including public service, commercial enterprise and environmental analysis. In lectures, laboratory assignments and fieldwork, students become familiar with the practical utility of both the geographical perspective and the tool of GIS. (formerly GEO 123) (PR) Antirequisite: GEO 123. Lect: 2 hrs/Lab: 1 hr. back to top GEO 151 Urban Analysis An overview of the scope and major themes of urban geography, the course considers how technological, economic, social, demographic and political changes create changing urban landscapes (natural, built and social) related to home, work and play. The course investigates internal city development, as well as interactions among cities. Conceptual understanding of these urban processes is gained through reading and discussion, and also through experiencing methods of urban analysis, including field work, data description and GIS. (formerly GEO 418) (PR) Antirequisite: GEO 418. Lect: 2 hrs/Tut: 1 hr. back to top GEO 161 Introductory Analytical Techniques This course provides the student with the fundamentals of microcomputer usage, and exposes the student to computer programs commonly used in geographic research. Descriptive statistics, sampling distributions, hypothesis testing, and statistical tests give the student the practical methods needed to statistically describe and analyze geographic phenomena and to present those results. Emphasis throughout the course is on spatial analysis and on the practical uses and application of these techniques, rather than on their mathematical derivations. (PR) Antirequisite: GEO 125. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 206 Regions, Nations and the Global Community This course examines spatial and environmental aspects of human life, primarily at the scale of the region, the nation and the global community. Specific topics to be considered include migration, regionalism, spatial equity and global interdependence. This course is the second half of GEO 016. (LL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 208 Geography of the Global Economy This one semester course explores the changing geographic patterns of economy and settlement. Starting from a discussion about the relationships between technological systems, the economy and urbanization, this course considers patterns of deindustrialization, economic linkages, and changing settlement systems. (LL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 210 The Geography of Global Risk The course examines the global threat from various natural and human-made hazards from a Canadian perspective. It sets out to provide an understanding of how they are perceived by the public and assesses individual and collective mechanisms that have been developed to reduce the threat to life and property. This is accomplished by examining selected geophysical, biological, climatic, environmental and malevolent factors that impinge on well-being. (LL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 221 Location Analysis Location is important in the success of both private and public facilities. This course introduces the student to the fundamentals of location analysis by addressing changing geographies of land uses, methodologies used in real-world applications of service area delimitation and site selection, and the dynamic geographies of supply and demand. The importance of tools such as geographical information systems (GIS) is considered and examples are drawn from public and private sectors. (formerly GEO 310) (PR) Antirequisite: GEO 310. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 231 Principles in Recreation & Demography This course is designed to familiarize students with the characteristics of Canada’s recreation and tourism from private, public and commercial perspectives. The course builds a base for comprehension of the considerations involved in recreational and tourism studies. There will be emphasis on recreation considerations within Toronto through the use of field trips and case studies. (formerly GEO 506) (PR) Antirequisite: GEO 506. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 241 Cartographic Principles and Practice This course introduces the fundamental principles of cartography. It focuses on the knowledge and skills that are necessary to produce good quality maps within a digital environment. Special attention is given to the ways in which decisions in the cartographic process influence the geographic information communicated by the map. (formerly GEO 400) Antirequisite: GEO 400. Lect: 1 hr./Lab: 2 hrs. back to top GEO 27A/B Urban Social Geography In this professionally related course the social patterns, processes, issues and problems in cities are analyzed. Urban geography is used as the base discipline to study these spatial social phenomena, yet the social issues are the focus. The social issues that are covered include: social networks, neighbourhoods and communities; residential segregation; housing and homelessness; the location and accessibility of social services and amenities; the criteria and strategies for a livable city. (PR) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 301 Marketing Geography This course addresses the spatial aspects of business decision making. Emphasis is placed on measuring the factors and assessing the methods associated with site evaluation and market area analysis. (PR) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 302 Retail Location I An introduction to techniques of spatial modelling, with emphasis on retail location and marketing geography. The course adopts a case study perspective with emphasis placed on the evaluation and application of geography theory and concepts. (PR) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 30A/B Geographic Perspectives on the Human Environment This course investigates the social and physical environments in which all cultural, economic, political and technological systems function. Focal points of the course include our experience of place, patterns of spatial behaviour, and the variable ways in which human societies interpret and interact with their environments. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 312 Viva Las Vegas! The city of Las Vegas is in some senses unique in its character and image, but it does exemplify many of the general issues associated with urban areas in North America today. The course explores the explanation of that character, both in terms of the uniqueness of Las Vegas and in terms of more general patterns and processes. In the course stress is placed on the development of general research and critical skills. (LL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 313 Geography of the Physical Environment In this course, the physical environment is investigated from the perspective of appreciating the natural limits that earth systems impose. Themes in climatology, hydrology and geomorphology are examined in order to develop an understanding of how natural balances originate, and afford opportunities and constraints for a modern lifestyle. Specific topics include weather systems, water budgets, erosion by streams and waves, and the enhancement of stability in natural systems. (formerly GEO 112) (PR)  Antirequisite: GEO 112. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 351 Internal Structure of the City Interpretation of historical and present processes of growth and change is relevant to an understanding of contemporary urban areas. Public facility location, social services, housing and urban social communities are studied in detail. GIS is used to explore spatial equity and spatial efficiency, service areas, redistricting, and neighbourhood development. (formerly GEO 518) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 151. Antirequisite: GEO 518. Lect: 2 hrs./Lab: 1 hr. back to top GEO 361 Inferential Statistics in Geography This one-semester course is concerned with the application of inferential statistics in geographic analysis. It provides the students with the fundamentals of estimation, hypothesis testing and other statistical tests. Emphasis throughout the course is placed on application of the various techniques, rather than on their mathematical derivations. It is assumed that familiarity with the fundamental elements of statistics and microcomputers has already been acquired. (formerly GEO 225) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 161. Antirequisite: GEO 225. Lect: 2 hrs./Lab: 1 hr. back to top GEO 372 Global Shift in the 21st Century In the face of increasing territorial fragmentation, the world is rapidly becoming a technological “global village” where distance has almost no effect on behaviour. The purpose of this course is to explore the globalization phenomena and the resulting territorial, economic, and cultural structure of the world today. The point of view will be that of Canada’s place in the world, and opposing views on the social, environmental and economic efficacy of globalization will be presented. (PR) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 411 Resource and Environmental Planning This course provides a survey of concepts and approaches for resource and environmental planning. The relevance of the broad array of environmental, economic and social factors is considered. While the course is process oriented, case studies are used to assess critically the application of different methods to combine theory with the practical aspects of resource management. (formerly GEO 504) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 131. Antirequisite: GEO 504. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 419 Geodemographics This course surveys practical, conceptual and methodological issues associated with the application of geographical techniques to marketing and retail site selection problems. The use of socioeconomic and demographic data at various spatial scales including the increasingly used individual household level of analysis, is emphasized. Methods include: population projections, clustering and market segmentation, regression and discrete choice models for predicting marketing response rates and retail site success. Database marketing will also be discussed. (PR) Lect: 2 hrs./Lab: 1 hr. back to top GEO 421 The Retail Economy This course examines the transformation of the retail economy in the context of globalization and technology changes: from the declining roles of department stores and shopping centers to the emergence of big-box stores and power centers; from simple and linear to multiple distribution channels including e-tailing. This course also addresses, from a political-economy perspective, the important roles of the regulatory state in the process of the retail transformation. Both international and Canadian examples are provided. (formerly GEO 611) (PR)  Prerequisite: GEO 221. Antirequisite: GEO 611. Lect: 2 hrs/Seminar: 1 hr. back to top GEO 431 Recreation Analysis Recreation and tourism are increasingly important in contemporary society, creating both positive and negative economic, social, and environmental effects at a variety of spatial scales. Many aspects of geographic inquiry are pertinent, including: location decision making concerning facilities and activities; the management and sustainability of recreation resources; and assessment of the impact of changing culture and economy upon regions. This course aims at providing a broad understanding of the spatial behaviour of recreationists and tourists. (formerly GEO 606) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 231. Antirequisite: GEO 606. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 441 Geographic Information Science The learning objectives of this course are to provide practical knowledge and skills relating to the use of GIS for spatial analysis, as well as to enable exploration of its in decision support. Attention is directed at development of understanding of data modelling, spatial analyses, and the inferences that arise in addressing practical problems. Learning opportunities involve lectures, lab, research/readings, oral presentations, written presentations and poster preparation. (formerly GEO 614) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 141 orGEO 241. Antirequisite: GEO 614. Lect: 2 hrs./Lab: 1 hr. back to top GEO 505 Regional Analysis of Canada The regional structure of Canada provides the focus for this course. Attention is given to the internal characteristics and problems of various regions, and to the interrelations which bind the regions together in a national framework. Emphasis is placed upon regional disparity, regional development concepts, and social and environmental variables. (UL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 507 Explorations of the Urban Environment This course examines the internal structure of the contemporary city from a geographic viewpoint. The course is issue-oriented and focuses on transportation, housing and other land use problems and solutions. (formerly GEO 307) (UL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 509 Food, Place & Identity: Geography of Diet This course examines the role of provenance and place in the evolution of diet. In defining the geography of food as who eats what where, it considers how its importance extends beyond mere nourishment; food is an idiom that provides individual and collective comfort and identity. However impoverished or affluent, contemporary cuisines are legacies of military conflict, colonization and commercial influence that have incorporated key, non-indigenous products that were introduced by the Columbian exchange. (UL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 513 Physical Geography in Decision Support The origins of environmental conflicts are investigated from the perspective of atmospheric and earth sciences.  The role of data and information in understanding physical processes is traced from field observations to modelling, spatial analysis, prediction, and decision making.  Suggested case studies will address “greenfields development”, atmospheric stability, water balances, fluvial processes, slope stability, waterfront processes, periglacial geomorphology, and conservation land designation.  The learning experience is comprised of field observation exercises, lectures, readings, and seminars. Prerequisite: GEO 313. Antirequisite: GEO 212. Lect: 2 hrs./Lab: 1 hr. back to top GEO 514 Resource Management in Northern Canada Northern Canada has experienced rapid change in recent years.  Implementation of land claim settlements has introduced new approaches to resource management; global energy demands have renewed pressure for megaprojects, while toxins in the environment and climate change have created new environmental stresses.  The course examines the underpinnings of these issues and demonstrates the role of geographic analysis in policy formulation and approaches to resource management in the contemporary North. Prerequisite: GEO 131. Antirequisite: GEO 809. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 520 Global Political Geography This one semester course provides geographical perspectives on political issues with an emphasis on the regional and global scale. Themes include geopolitics, global inter-dependence, regional integration, territoriality, and geographical sources of stress and conflict. Theoretical approaches will be used to inform current events. (UL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 521 Geodemographics This course surveys practical, conceptual, and methodological issues associated with the application of geographical techniques to marketing and retail site selection. Emphasis is placed on the use of socioeconomic and demographic data at various spatial scales. Methods include a variety of multivariate techniques focusing on market definition and segmentation, including extensive use of cluster analysis. The course also covers a multitude of management issues associated with the use of geodemographic and related data sets. (formerly GEO 619) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 221. Antirequisite: GEO 619. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 541 GIS Programming The purpose of this course is to teach students how to expand the functionality of out-of -the-box Geographic Information Systems. Topics focus on teaching students how to utilize programming to solve real world geographic problems by automating processes, building new applications, and expanding existing GIS functions. The course will use the most popular GIS software packages and programming languages. No programming experience is assumed nor required. (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 441. Lab: 3hrs. back to top GEO 542 Introduction to Remote Sensing This course introduces the fundamental concepts of remote sensing. Emphasis will be placed on techniques and applications involving resource management, environmental impact assessment, and urban analysis with medium and high-resolution imagery. The lab portion of this course is substantial and involves using the image processing software packages PCI Geomatica and ERDAS Imagine. In addition, some aspects of ArcGIS (ArcCatalog and ArcScene) will be explored. (formerly GEO 624) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 141. Antirequisites: GEO 624. Lect/Lab: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 551 Urbanization and Regional Development A systems framework is used to examine the link between urbanization and regional development and examine prescriptive approaches to directing and managing growth and its consequences. Case examples, ranging from examination of planning issues in urban centered regions through to evaluation of development strategies for “marginal” regions, are used to demonstrate the practical role of geographic analysis in understanding and addressing problems arising from growth and disparity. (formerly GEO 618) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 151. Antirequisite: GEO 618. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 553 Studies in Rural Geography Although urbanisation has made the reliance on the rural areas less obvious, most Canadians still recognize their importance for non-basic employment, recreation, food production and waste disposal. The countryside also plays an environmental, symbolic and aesthetic role that defines the nation’s image at home and abroad. In recent years, the boundary between town and country has blurred as various manufacturing and service activities have been lured away from congested urban centres. (formerly GEO 805) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 131. Antirequisite: GEO 805. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 561 Multivariate Analytical Techniques This course familiarizes students with the most common current methods of multivariate analysis used by geographers. The approach is user-oriented, stressing the type of problem treated by each technique, the ability to run statistical package program, and the knowledge to interpret the results. A course of this nature is essential for translating and understanding professional literature and provides necessary background for the preparation of research papers in the third and fourth year courses. (formerly GEO 304) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 361. Antirequisite: GEO 304. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 605 The Geography of the Canadian North This course focuses on non-indigenous occupance of the Canadian Northland, identifying factors and processes which have given rise to the various levels of spatial organization in the North and examining constraints on development at various scales. An understanding of geographic analytic techniques is assumed, and a variety of techniques are utilized in analysis of spatial organization and contemporary problem situations. (UL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 607 Cities & the Canadian Economic Landscape Urbanization is associated with a plethora of problems at both a regional and global level. The course explores the geographic dimensions of some of these problems addressing such questions as urban development and regional disparity in Canada, the impact of urban growth on surrounding areas, national and continental trends in population and settlement, and global perspectives on urbanization. (formerly GEO 407) (UL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 609 Cyberspace@geography.ca This course will examine the historical development of world communications systems, with emphasis on the growth of contemporary geo-communication networks such as the Internet and the WWW, and their relationship to socio-economic and environmental geography. From world city systems to rural and marginalized places around the globe, the examination and analysis of cyberspace should prove useful in understanding a new geography characterized by many as the “death of distance”. (UL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 612 Environmental Decision Making This course involves the analysis of frameworks for the investigation and resolution of complex resource and environmental problems. In many cases such problems deal with the consideration of a wide variety of data and of a number of objectives. General methods to deal with such situations are presented. Application of these methods is demonstrated by a critical analysis of the technical practice of environmental analysis. (formerly GEO 604) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 131. Antirequisite: GEO 604. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 620 Political Geog of Nations & Localities This one semester course provides geographical perspectives on political issues with an emphasis on the national and local scale. Themes include: nations and nationalism; the territorial state; geographical sources of stress at the local level; electoral geography; and the political geography of localities and everyday life. Theoretical approaches will be used to inform current events. (UL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 621 Advanced Retail Analysis and Planning This course provides students with a set of advanced approaches for use in retail analysis and decision support applications. The first part examines various techniques which predict and project sales potential, including sales forecasting regression, spatial interaction models and untapped potential modeling. The second part focuses on network planning from the perspective of the optimization of entire store networks and the segmentation of property portfolios according to a range of operational and strategic variables. (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 421. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 631 Exploration in Travel and Tourism This course will cover the subjects of historical tourism development, modern mass tourism, the tourist experience and the consequences of development and change. Emphasis will be placed on understanding demand and the impacts of satisfying the insatiable appetite of varying classes of tourists. Field work will be used in the development of Toronto case studies while lecture material will include examples from Canadian and international tourism. (formerly GEO 806) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 231. Antirequisite: GEO 806. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 641 GIS and Decision Support This course advances the concepts of spatial databases in GIS and remote sensing through examination of their capabilities for decision-support. The focus is on refinement of GIS concepts, methodologies and issues, at the same time as skills are enhanced for using current technologies. Topics include spatial database management, visualisation, spatial analysis and decision support. Students are expected to complete assignments outside of scheduled lab hours, to read recommended literature and to participate in in-class seminars.  (formerly GEO 814) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 441. Antirequisite: GEO 814. Lect: 1 hr./Lab: 2 hrs. back to top GEO 642 Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS This course consists of three major components that will be explored within a framework of advanced geographic applications: (1) advanced techniques in digital image analysis, (2) the use of ancillary information sources, and (3) the integration, utilization, and visualization of image data within Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The integration of classified remotely sensed and GIS data within project management schemes will be a major focus of this course. (formerly GEO 824) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 542. Antirequisite: GEO 824. Lect/Lab: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 652 Urban Transportation Systems This is a one semester course designed to examine theoretical and empirical aspects of urban transportation systems. Topics include descriptive and normative models of transportation flows, component parts of networks, models of growth processes and planning issues associated with urban transportation. A methodology is outlined to address the impact of development on the surrounding transportation network. Emphasized throughout are the spatial, economic and social consequences of transportation. (formerly GEO 606) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 361. Antirequisite: GEO 608. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 671 Development and Environmental Law This course presents an overview of legal principles and concepts that relate to development and environmental issues. It examines the role of the Courts and administrative tribunals in resolving disputes that arise from these issues. Particular problems addressed include water, air and noise pollution, waste management, private land development, zoning conflicts and land use controls. (formerly GEO 709) (PR) Antirequisite: GEO 709. Lect: 2 hrs./Lab: 1 hr. back to top GEO 702 Technology and the Contemporary Environment The contemporary world is influenced to a very considerable extent by technology. However, relationships between this technology and our environment continue to be the subject of considerable public debate. The geographic dimensions of these environmental controversies provide a convenient and meaningful framework for their analysis. In this course, both recurring and contemporary environmental issues are examined in terms of implications for North American society. (UL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 703 Perspectives on Environmental Management The deterioration of ecosystems and growing societal intolerance for environmental damages have raised concerns over the management of the earth’s resource base. First, this course examines how public attitudes towards the environment have evolved and the corresponding growth of public participation in environmental decision making. Secondly, emphasis is placed on the ecological basis for environmental planning and analysis. Finally, the growing body of laws, regulations and guidelines which are designed to control environmental behaviours are considered. (PR) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 705 Environment and Society in the Caribbean This course is issue oriented, and emphasizes the interrelatedness of historical, economic, social and cultural phenomena from a regional perspective. The Caribbean is a region because of the shared history, production systems, location in the global economy, patterns of cultural and physical background. Within this framework, the course will focus on contemporary issues and debates relevant to understanding the regional basis and diversity of the Caribbean. (UL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 714 GIS for the Municipal Professional I Geographic Information Systems represent a technology which permits the diverse data sets needed to administer a modern municipality to be outlined and given due consideration in reaching management decisions. This course provides students with practical knowledge and skills relating to the understanding and use of GIS. Particular attention is directed at how geographic relations are preserved, and the opportunities/constraints afforded by various GIS approaches. There is a $25 lab fee for this course. (PR) Lect: 1 hr./Lab: 2 hrs. back to top GEO 716 Geographies of Health This course investigates both the complexity of what we call health and disease, and the multiplicity of approaches with which health and disease are investigated and understood by geographers. Students learn to recognize the many ways in which individuals and groups alter and adapt to their multiple environments, thereby shaping their own health. Understanding how spatial data about disease and death is presented enables students to assess health information available on the web. (UL) Lect: 2 hrs./Lab: 1 hr. back to top GEO 719 GIS in Business: Strategic Mgt Decisions The key to sustaining a business is to know one’s customers. By geographically referencing customer records, and linking them to data such as demographics, GIS enables business enterprises to evaluate their client-catchment areas. This course provides an introduction to GIS in the business environment, by combining lecture material, readings from the professional literature, site visits for the evaluation of systems, and labs designed to provide practical and technical competence. There is a $25.00 lab fee for this course. (PR) Lab: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 720 The Inner Landscape of Culture What does it mean to live as a member of a particular culture? This course addresses the concept of culture as both a reflection and a determinant of human experience. Examples from Canadian and global settings support an exploration of the elements and processes of culture. (UL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 721 Project Management This course will introduce students to the methods, approaches and conceptual frameworks for project development and management. Students are expected to identify a “real” project and are to develop their project throughout the course. Emphasis is placed on organization, co-operation, teamwork, efficient research and report writing. Students are exposed to various methods and tools which are appropriate for applications-oriented research. (PR) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 724 GIS for the Municipal Professional II This course continues the themes of GEO 714, with more advanced work in Geographic Information Systems and an emphasis on the presentation of a professional product. The aim of the course is to provide students with an opportunity to enhance their cartographic output and increase their analytical abilities, using GIS. Hands-on experience is expanded. (PR) Lect: 1 hr./Lab: 2 hrs. back to top GEO 771 Practicum Related work experience acquired under supervision at an approved sponsoring organization. (formerly GEO 700) (PR) Prerequisite: GEO 441. Antirequisite: GEO 700. Lab: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 772 Individual Research Paper The Research Paper provides the student with the opportunity to demonstrate proficiency in an area of applied geographic specialization through the design and execution of an original, independent and academically-based research project. (formerly GEO 815) (PR) Antirequisite: GEO 815. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 773 Field Studies Optional field camp to be held in September or February. Consult school for details. This course is recommended for fourth year students. (formerly GEO 500) (PR) Antirequisite: GEO 500. Lab: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 793 The Geography of Toronto Founded in 1793 by John Graves Simcoe as the Town of York, capital of Upper Canada, Toronto has emerged over two centuries to become one of the most important cities in the world. This course has been designed to provide students with an understanding of the geographical evolution of the city of Toronto and its surrounding region. The course examines a number of important aspects of the Toronto phenomenon from both the inter-urban and intra-urban perspectives. Throughout the course, North American and global perspectives are considered, where appropriate. (UL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 802 The Geography of Recreation and Leisure This course explores recreation and leisure from a number of perspectives. It examines the relationship between recreational choice and demographic and life-style correlates, technology, and faddism. It evaluates symbolic recreational environments and the role of natural areas. It explores many of the social and environmental costs associated with recreational development. (UL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 803 Recreation and Tourism Analysis The growing importance of the recreation and tourism system in today’s society has generated the potential for environmental impacts and development opportunities. This professionally related course examines the system and its role in the economy. Particular emphasis will be placed on planning, managing and developing recreation and tourism resources, and on identifying, measuring and evaluating impacts. (PR) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 811 Global Environmental Issues This one-semester course is structured to address a series of central themes relating to an understanding of concerns about the global environment. For each, a specific environmental issue is highlighted and a case study or case studies is used to demonstrate the nature of the theme and its broad relevance to an understanding of the global situation. A principal goal of the course is to enhance students’ appreciation for an understanding of the state of the world environment and of the challenges and priorities for action to address such issues at a global scale. (UL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 820 The Outer Landscape of Culture This course examines the ways in which cultures express themselves through natural, built, and symbolic landscapes. The nature and significance of cultural change are considered at both regional and global scales. (UL) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 871 The Professional Geographer The course provides a capstone opportunity to integrate concepts, review key methodological practices and provide exposure to topical issues that can serve geographers as they contemplate their career opportunities. It features presentations by invited practitioners from a broad range of sub-disciplines whose experience demonstrate the diverse opportunities the discipline affords. (formerly GEO 744) (PR) Antirequisite: GEO 744. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 873 Geographic Entrepreneurship & Consulting The validity of the spatial perspective is realized through the preparation of consulting projects that are identified by potential public, private and institutional clients. Students submit a detailed proposal and upon approval execute the research. Faculty lectures support the consulting process with presentations about the nature of the consulting industry and review needed skills to facilitate the timely and successful completion of the work. (formerly GEO 844) (PR) Antirequisite: GEO 844. Lect: 3 hrs. back to top GEO 910 Structure of the Global Village The remarkable growth of world cites has been accompanied by astonishing socio-cultural, demographic and global communication changes. Yet our predominantly urban world has developed in a peculiar geographic context where there has been substantial growth in the number of individual nation-states since 1950 along with an increasing expansion of regional economic and socially-defined ‘collectives’. This course will explore the many patterns, processes and systems that manifest themselves in the evolution of the ‘Global Village’. (PR) Lect: 3 hrs. back to top