Migration Tech Tracker

The technologies captured in the Tech Tracker include the following:

1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) - Artificial Intelligence refers to “machine-based operations that mimic human intelligence” (Schmidt and Stephens, 2019; p. 133 (external link) ). AI is currently only capable of engaging one component of intelligence – prediction (e.g., machine learning, predictive technologies).
2. Automation - Automation substitutes human labor in tasks both physical and cognitive (e.g., email confirmation).
3. Big Data Technologies - Software utilities that are designed to analyse, process and extract information from complex and large data sets which traditional data processing software cannot accomplish (e.g., tools used for data storage, data mining, analytics and visualisation).
   
4. Biometric Technologies - Technology capable of identifying a person based on some aspect of their biology (e.g., facial recognition, iris scans, fingerprint scans).
5. Blockchain - A digitally distributed, decentralized, public ledger that exists across a network (e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum).
6. Cloud Computing - The use of networks of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer. Cloud computing technology gives users access to storage, files, software, and servers through their Internet-connected devices: computers, smartphones, tablets, and wearables (e.g., Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Google App Engine, Cisco).
7. Internet of Things (IoT) - The network of physical objects that are embedded with sensors, software and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the Internet (e.g., drones and surveillance technologies).

The Migration Tech Tracker can be navigated by moving the cursor over a particular region or country. Countries that have information indicating use of the abovementioned technologies will be highlighted in blue. Relevant jurisdictions are listed wherever the research team found details on the use of a technology.

To make interaction with this tool easier, details of each case are organized according to:

• Title of use case
• Brief description
• Actor deploying technology
• Technology provider
• Migrant group targeted
• Purpose of technology
• Source(s)

With the increased integration of advanced technologies in migration management processes, what thematic areas warrant further research? CERC researchers Lucia Nalbandian and Nick Dreher explore literature on how technology in the immigration sector has increased and what further questions it elicits.

This map and the information included within it are not comprehensive. We have endeavoured to capture as much information as accurately as possible. We kindly ask that if you are familiar with or involved in the development of any of the below tools and technologies or literature referring to relevant tools and technologies, that you contact our research team to ensure we have accurately captured information pertaining to the use of this technology. Please contact Lucia Nalbandian at: lnalbandian@torontomu.ca .

We understand and affirm that technological advancements are rapidly accelerating and would like to maintain an active learning environment. As such, we encourage users of this tool to take extra caution in better understanding the information we have collated and presented here. Information in this tracker will be regularly updated.

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If you have any concerns or comments regarding the presentation and accessibility of the content on this webpage, please contact the CERC Migration team at: cerc.migration@torontomu.ca